Surface Drying
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The water, which contributes to the deformation and deterioration of concrete structures, is one of the major factors. The top surface of structures such as slabs or pavements on the ground can be subject to external drying, and the bottom surface can be in contact with water from ineffective drainage. The knowledge of moisture distribution significantly improves durability prediction. The water-to-cement ratio, the environment relative humidity, and the moisture transport properties of concrete affect moisture distribution in slabs. This study investigated the effects of surface drying, self-desiccation, and bottom water absorption on moisture profiles in concrete slabs at water-to-cement ratios of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The relative humidity distributions along slab depths were measured continuously from final set with specially designed relative humidity sensors. The hydraulic diffusivity of concretes was obtained through testing. An analytical procedure that considered external drying, self-desiccation, and water absorption was implemented for relative humidity simulation of slabs exposed to different environmental conditions. Experimental measurements and simulations showed that the influential depth is about 50 to 100 mm from the external Surface Drying. The influential depth from water absorption is about 50 mm. An equivalent temperature gradient can be used to quantify the moisture gradient effect. Given that the environmental conditions are the same, the analytical simulation suggests that greater analytical procedure results in a concrete slab with a higher water-to-cement ratio.
To summarize, the water contributes to the deformation and deterioration of concrete structures. It is caused the relative humidity distributions along slab depths were measured continuously from final set with specially designed relative humidity sensors. So, An equivalent temperature gradient can be used to quantify the moisture gradient effect.